In preparation for the invasion, William spent several years securing the necessary resources. His initial steps were to build alliances with key figures in Europe, including the Pope, and to raise an army and fleet capable of crossing the English Channel. The Pope’s support was crucial; in 1066, Pope Alexander II gave William a papal banner, effectively granting him the religious legitimacy to invade England. This endorsement served as both a spiritual sanction and a rallying cry for potential recruits who were motivated by the promise of both political and religious rewards.
The Assembly of the Army and Fleet
In the spring of 1066, William began assembling his army. The force he put together was diverse, consisting of knights, foot soldiers, archers, and cavalry, all of whom had been promised land and titles in England should William succeed in his endeavor. William's forces were highly trained and experienced, and many came from the heart of Norman society, which was heavily influenced by both French and Viking military traditions.
William also invested heavily in constructing a fleet to transport his army across the English Channel. According to some estimates, he gathered over 700 ships, each capable of carrying soldiers, horses, and supplies. This fleet would be a crucial part of William’s invasion plans, as crossing the channel was no small feat, and the timing and success of the crossing would determine the fate of the campaign. shutdown123